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The Mortgage industry of the United Kingdom has traditionally been dominated by building societies, but from the 1970s the share of the new mortgage loans market held by building societies has declined substantially. Between 1977 and 1987, the share fell drastically from 96% to 66% while that of banks and other institutions rose from 3% to 36%. The major lenders include building societies, banks, specialized mortgage corporations, insurance companies, and pension funds. During the four years following the Financial crisis of 2008 the UK mutual sector provided approximately 80% of net lending to the housing market.〔http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/11809109/Nationwide-boss-slams-Government-bank-tax-as-missed-opportunity.html〕 There are currently over 200 significant separate financial organizations supplying mortgage loans to house buyers in Britain of which the Lloyds Bank and the Nationwide Building Society have the largest market share. == Mortgage lenders == Over the years, the share of the new mortgage loans market held by building societies has declined. Between 1977 and 1987, it fell drastically from 96% to 66% while that of banks and other institutions rose from 3% to 36%. The banks and other institutions that made major inroads into the mortgage market during this period were helped by such factors as: * relative managerial efficiency; * advanced technology, organizational capabilities, and expertise in marketing; * extensive branch networks; and * capacities to tap cheaper international sources of funds for lending.〔''The Mortgage Loans Industry and Market: A Survey'', ISR/Google Books, third rev. edn. 2008, page 16. ISBN 978-0-906321-44-7 ()〕 By the early 1990s, UK building societies had succeeded in greatly slowing if not reversing the decline in their market share. In 1990, the societies held over 60% of all mortgage loans but took over 75% of the new mortgage market – mainly at the expense of specialized mortgage loans corporations. Building societies also increased their share of the personal savings deposits market in the early 1990s at the expense of the banks – attracting 51% of this market in 1990 compared with 42% in 1989.〔''CSO Financial Statistics'' and Building Societies Commission annual reports, London〕 One study found that in the five years 1987-1992, the building societies collectively outperformed the UK clearing banks on practically all the major growth and performance measures. The societies' share of the new mortgage loans market of 75% in 1990-91 was similar to the share level achieved in 1985. Profitability as measured by return on capital was 17.8% for the top 20 societies in 1991, compared with only 8.5% for the big four banks. Finally, bad debt provisions relative to advances were only 0.4% for the top 20 societies compared with 2.8% for the four banks.〔''Building Societies Research: Investing for the Next Millennium'', UBS Phillips and Drew, London, 1992. (Quoted in ''The Mortgage Loans Industry and Market: A Survey'')〕 Though the building societies did subsequently recover a significant amount of the mortgage lending business lost to the banks, they still only had about two-thirds of the total market at the end of the 1980s. However, banks and building societies were by now becoming increasingly similar in terms of their structures and functions. When the Abbey National building society converted into a bank in 1989, this could be regarded either as a major diversification of a building society into retail banking – or as significantly increasing the presence of banks in the residential mortgage loans market. Research organization Industrial Systems Research has observed that trends towards the increased integration of the financial services sector have made comparison and analysis of the market shares of different types of institution increasingly problematical. It identifies as major factors making for consistently higher levels of growth and performance on the part of some mortgage lenders in the UK over the years: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mortgage industry of the United Kingdom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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